Internet of Things :What is Born Digital ?

Continuing on the most hyped and talked subject of the Digital World, IoT “Internet of Things” is once again here with us. Thanks for the engaged & irresistible response on my previous blog “IoTbyAshutosh” & “Connected Intelligence” ,which pushed me to Research , Think and Build further on this fastest progressive world of “Internet of Things” 

In order to keep our conversation structured and to the point ….Let me address two key aspect on IoT where you shared most of the feedback.

1.       Is there any sense for marketers?

2.       How business will shape up – The start point for business.

And before we move forward, accept my apology on not able to share my mobile no. , request you to share your inputs/comments on the blog page or join me @AshutoshNow . Your inputs are the soul of my writingJ.

Okay, let’s not get sticky here and focus on our top two agenda of this blog, so let try to put facts together on the first part, as what is here for us as a marketers in the digital world of IOT.

Is there any sense for marketers?

Is the Internet of Things (IoT) about to make a lot more sense for marketers? The answer is yes, The veteran firms like Everything has just announced a major partnership with an apparel labels and tags manufacturer Avery Dennison to connect 10 billion products to the Web over the next three years, heralding a real shift in scale for the IoT.

Now the question is what is going to change compliment these two firs of different world and how IoT is connecting these two dots.

So if we refer to our discussion in the previous blog ““Turning Your Products into a Channel of Customer Engagement: The Untapped Potential of IoT for Business.” Yes this is the core of IoT and the devil to unleash the power of connected intelligence.

Most people’s initial thoughts when thinking about connecting products to the Internet are about connecting cars, washing machines, fridges, and so on. But the idea of a fridge that might re-order food for you is too abstract from a marketer’s point of view, and there are not that many fridges in the world.

What’s more applicable is the idea of connecting with a consumer through consumable products, such as the food and beverages you eat and drink, or the clothes you wear. There aren't that many electronic goods in the world, but when you look at connected consumables and include wearable, then that’s the stuff that will start impacting the marketer’s view of life because of the scale and volumes.

In fact we all are getting into the new generation of the products which is being called as “Born Digital”. These are items that are manufactured with software identities in the cloud. They use IoT data to drive personalised mobile experiences and services for customers, and more efficient supply chains for companies. This is a new era of smarter products with added software capabilities that are more intelligent, more interactive, and more valuable to consumers and brands.

For example, we can be learning about a product’s provenance, unlocking personalised loyalty rewards, or authenticating product identity for brand protection. Products can also guide consumers to the nearest recycling centres, and be scanned by recyclers to reveal their material composition for a more efficient recycling process.

And with this now we must learn as what types of customer engagement activities could work with connected consumables and wearables?

Okay so how it seems appearing is …..Instead of going into a store and seeing an advert on TV to buy jeans, people will be able to tap their jeans to say “I want another pair of these,” or “what's the latest fashion trends and looks that go with my jeans?” Or you could create a competition such as “if you and five of your Facebook friends ‘check in’ to your Levi's in the next hour, you could all win tickets to Big Boss live Episode with Salman Khan.”

How business will shape up – The start point for business?

While I have kept enough food for your thought and creativity on the marketing ideas in the first, now it’s imperative to think thru the second part as how it will impact the EBIT, Revenue and business model and what will be the start point for all these …

Wow thank for being with me till here it sound so exciting …. Okay so let get back to the business.

A smart product provides a mechanism for engaging directly with consumers through the item itself. It becomes a consumer engagement channel just like any other channel, but the big difference is that you know the consumer has your product in their hands. The significance of this can't be understated. Marketers usually communicate out into the wild and often have no idea if someone is a relevant consumer when encountering their messages. Also the actual usage pattern and maintenance frequency and so on …..

Currently we are tracking the user on social media post this, When you give a product its own unique

digital identity and data profile in the cloud—similar to us having our own Facebook profiles—you have the ability to track a product through its full lifecycle, from where and when it was built or made, the content of the product itself, where it was sold, how it was used, and how to dispose of it.

You would also pick up the geo-location as consumers interact with the product using smartphones, so relevant messages and applications can be adapted to an in-store purchasing behaviour, or post-purchase in the home you can provide hyper-personalised content and services.

For example, we've already done this with Coca-Cola, where content triggered by bottles and cans in European market changed content based on the time of day and the product location, combined with recent interaction history based on the user’s device. By delivering dynamic, “in-the-moment” personalisation, Coke created a compelling, memorable digital product experience.

And this whole thing leading to another question in my mind ... where are we at in terms of the speed of adoption for IoT-enabled products?

See, if you're connecting a car, the technology involved in that machine is highly sophisticated, and for appliances and electrical goods like a washing machine, you need to change the product itself to get the technology into it. But when you move into consumables and wearables with technologies like smart packaging and sensors that can piggyback on smartphone processing power and connectivity via Bluetooth or consumer scanning, the process can become much quicker.

Last year we were talking to brands about how interesting IoT is and discussing potential pilots; this year we had brands coming in wanting to run a pilot as a minimum, and we’re now already involved in projects with smart product rollout at a global scale.

And through our partnership with Avery Dennison, we are now connecting billions of individual items to the Web, so the Age of Smart Products really is happening now and at high scale.

The technology itself ranges from fully connected embedded controllers and chips at the top end, to sensors and Bluetooth down to RFID and NFC, which is what everyone has in their phones, down to QR codes and barcodes, and image recognition.

If a CPG client wanted to connect their washing powder via image recognition or smart packaging, or an Apparel manufacturer wanted a digital label for consumers to interact with, or a washing machine manufacturer wanted to add chips and sensors to be controlled by a consumer app plus detect leaks and send alerts to call the local plumber, we can do that today.

What else do marketers need to think about around IoT as an engagement channel?

We’re seeing ecosystems being built out around brands. By that I mean companies leveraging connected IoT data to bring more personal and intelligent offers to market. The insurance industry is a good example. Some forward-thinking insurance companies are asking the policy holders whether they would like three sensors: a water detector to put under your washing machine to check if there's a leak; a temperature sensor to put on your boiler to be notified if it's about to burst; and the third is a movement sensor to know if someone is at home. They are also doing deals with smoke alarm device manufacturers to connect that data into their systems. Consumers are being offered discounts off their insurance premium to do this because of the huge impact in loss prevention for insurers.

That's an ecosystem play also because when the connected system flags an issue, other companies have an opportunity to offer relevant repair services, or a new boiler, for example. That’s when the ecosystem starts getting really interesting, and it’s the kind of thing we’re already doing.

Ok so here I want to take a pause and would like to handover this now to you so that we can co-create another an impressive and rich documents, trust the last 15-20 minutes of your journey with me was fruitful.. Thanks !!!

The Human Factor in Digital World !!!

Become a Post-Digital Marketer

What do you think about the saga of Big Data, smartphone, IoT, Wearables   , smart and intelligent automated analysis and so on so …what will happen to the human factor to all these intelligence.

Is that human will stand too small in-front of these human made machine’s intelligence …… Don’t worry its nothing like that.

We are here to discuss today “The Human Factor in Digital World”. The human factor will play a large part in the next evolution of marketing. Even as digital tools multiply and become table stakes for operations, Post-digital marketing will rely more than ever on humans and their intuition and curiosity to serve as a filter and a balance to all the noise generated by social media , mobile and the Internet of Things.

 So is that I am saying even after being digital you would remain reliant on humans, Yes that goes without saying. Having worked in telecom industry can vouch more for this …. In telecom there are too much data and so too much noise … but human factory plays vital role as “Filter & Focus” approach, with the same source of data an intelligent marketer build awesome campaign basis his intuition and consumer insights.  

But hey!! Don’t get me wrong, I am not saying there is no impact of all these digital interventions in Marketer’s life …. It is impacting already big way and without digital skills there is no survival.

Subsequently, what’s coming out here is Automation & Digitization are going to be the critical resources to create and monitor marketing campaigns but human traits such as intuition, curiosity and emotional intelligence are equally (in my mind more) important resource will continue to be to ensure efficacy (soul) to the programs.

Having said this all now what I am here to toss on the table for you is that now we must encourage to “Become a Post-Digital Marketer” who assumes digital channels as the starting point of most efforts and keep up with a demanding, fast-moving consumer consumers.

 Now the question will come to your mind is that “Isn’t everything digital?” yes it is.  Things are moving fast in the digital space. While eBay , Flipkart and amazon started in the digital space , it continually adapts to the way consumers use the media, aiming for the moments that matter to consumers.

And one example I can put here is the “Only App” decision taken by Flipkart basis a digital/machine analysis that App is giving better ASP and Stickiness hence Website/WAP should be closed … ignoring the fact that smartphone %age was 25% with 64% Data users and web was one of the funnel for new customers which used to acquire and upgrade to APP, now we all know what was the result.... So here the human touch was a big miss.  

The growth in channels has brought an explosion of data that marketers continue to grapple with. Dashboards and other visualization tools have helped organize the reams of metrics, but they don’t give them meaning, noted marketing insights, analytics, and operations….and Top leadership needs a dashboard for my dashboards. In a popular way it’s called like “One Pager” in telecom at least.

What I have experienced is that Metrics can lose their value if they’re doing nothing but measure. We marketers need less information and more insights from it. I have seen a data suffering from “Premature extrapolation” ;) , Many times you experience

that you are being asked wrong questions hence wrong and useless output full of irrelevant metrics. What I propose is a “human-in-the-loop” approach to analytics, which starts with a clear question and goal, so algorithms can clear out the extraneous data and leave humans to study only the points relevant to the business questions they wish to tackle.

By leveraging the ability to produce those kinds of business results, marketers are in a prime position in this environment where business has to manoeuvre quickly and face constant disruptions. As the voice of that empowered digital consumer, Marketers are in the right place to lead innovation in products and services that can be the difference between profits or losses.

Now to deliver the desired output Marketers will have to be immediate, personalized, and authentic to meet their standards, process information faster and in different ways than previous demographics. Product and technology life cycles are shrinking, and it’s almost impossible for us to catch up if we miss a technology cycle.

“Most companies want to believe they’re digital and they’re innovative, but they haven’t adopted a culture of innovation,” Mendenhall said.

Some marketers have made an impact because they understand how to transform a company and have been recognized for their work, he said. Amazon India and airtel India I can vouch as for one I worked for a decade and second my best buddies are working. J 

Assuming the responsibilities for business result and forming a partnership in areas that affect the direction of the company’s growth, such as product development, adoption, stickiness and the whole ROI for the respective campaigns.

“We are part of a shared responsibility for product innovation in the company and we must not only execute what the digital data tells us but what your human deployed on ground , meeting daily with the customers and encountering the competition and constraints regularly .

 What I see and experience is that, Consumers are in a “hyper-adoption trend” where they try new products and services at a pace never seen before and Marketers have to keep up and focus obsessively on the customer; adapting the customer experience can bridge digital disruptions.

It’s a very interesting topic and we can go on and on, hence I handover this here to you to take the thought forward and build more richness with your passionate and engaged remarks to the importance of “Human Factor” J and “Become a Post-Digital Marketer”.

Connected Intelligence : Connecting the dots !!!

, “When wireless is perfectly applied, the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain” rightly said by Nikola Tesla.

Since we are taking a deep dive in digital connectivity innovation and technology ....its almost imperative to have a though through discussion on the whole concept of Connectivity  , as in coming years, it has been observed that the number of internet connected devices is going to overtake the number of humans on the planet and it is estimated that by 2020, there would be 50 to 75 billion connected devices .

Lets understand first as what does it mean from Connected and how to understand Intelligence ... here with taking learning from my previous research will say Connectivity brings life into an object and the intelligence empowers it. This is the central idea of the Connected Intelligence Era. It is an era where every device would be manufactured with smart capabilities that will allow them to communicate and interact with other devices, exchange information, make real time decisions and performs work based on the information.

Having said this now we need to structure our whole research in its top 5 aspects of Connected intelligence :

1. Connected Intelligence : Industry wise potential - to define this would like to share the latest development which had came in form of  iris recognition One of the methods for having more secured transactions could be biometric identification through mobile devices. The purpose of biometrics is to recognize a person using unique features of human characteristics such as fingerprints, voice, face, iris, retina etc. 
   The record of cashless transactions in our country is very dismal. RBI has been promoting cashless transaction and has introduced Unified Payment Interface System    in which to send money, the sender needs to know the virtual Id of the recipient and verify the transaction using pin using his Smartphone.

1. Benefits of using Iris Recognition System:
   ·         More reliable than PIN or password system.
   ·         High level of security for cellular phone based services for example bank transaction service via mobile phone.
   ·         Faster and more accurate identification.
   ·         Can eliminate loopholes of a banking system that criminals can exploit.
   The Challenge involved in implementation of iris biometric on mobile phone is the iris Image quality, since bad image quality will affect the entire iris recognition process.            
2. Evolution of Connected Intelligence and Connected Intelligence Era
   Whether it is the industrial revolution, the age of steam and railways, the age of steel, electricity, and heavy engineering, and the current age of information and telecommunications, it is observed that each of the technology cycle lasts for around 40-50 years. Initially it was Telemetry which involved remote measurement and control of objects. Telemetry changed to M2M and it further changed to IoT.       
3. 
                                            

aMachine to Machine(M2M) phase started from 1991 and continued till 2010.It was a phase of slow growth and the sensors used were multi- purposed, mostly wireless with wide variety of uses. This phase saw the introduction of first cellular module for machine communication for fleet operation, millions of homes were installed with smart meters for saving purpose, sensors were used by professional race car drivers that led to competitive advantage. Multi-purpose modules were built that was used to transmit data that could be processed. Actions were triggered remotely using commands and control.

From M2M, we moved to IoT.

IoT was not a matter of mainstream discussion until ITU’s report in 2005 came which explored the subject in details. This phase saw exponential growth. The sensors used are multi-purpose, wireless, networked with wide range of use cases. The concept of IoT introduced new business models that impact every industry. Companies like Ericsson and Cisco started making forecast about connected devices.GE and Mckinsey conducted more in depth studies on this matter. Fitbit was the first pure play consumer IoT company to go IPO IN 2015.The Company has reported billions of saving with 50% revenue. Other companies are also reporting billions of dollars as savings and new sources of revenue as they have been able to merge connectivity with intelligence and data to truly mine insights and use it to reinvent their business processes and revenue streams. By 2015, the communications became so advanced that man could communicate with machines with great precision.

Smart ,connected products

The products are getting revolutionized with the help of information technology. Earlier the sole components were mechanical and electrical parts but now the devices consist of hardware, sensors, software, microprocessors and storage etc. These products offer new opportunities, more reliability and higher product utilization. It reshapes the industry structure and exposes them to new competitive opportunities.

Fig: Core elements of Smart, Connected products:

Connectivity serves a dual purpose. First, it allows information to be exchanged between the product and its operating environment, its maker, its users, and other products and systems. Second, connectivity enables some functions of the product to exist outside the physical device, in what is known as the product cloud.

Capabilities of smart, connected products: The capabilities of these products can be grouped into four categories- monitoring, control, optimization and autonomy.

Connected Intelligence and golden age of mobile :

The telecom and the mobile industry is growing everyday and mobile is the most critical tool responsible for this technological growth. The demand for smart phone is increasing with each passing day. Feature phones have become obsolete. Things have become much easier by the use of several applications. The mobile industry is getting matured and we are entering into a new technological era that is connected intelligence. This era includes connectivity and intelligence that enables humans and machines to interact with other virtual or physical objects. The objects are programmed in such a way that they would be able to react to situations and make intelligent decisions. The telecommunication market is experiencing a new boom with the introduction of 4G LTE and VoLTE. The new Era is all about the ability of contextually aware objects to connect with its surroundings. Besides, taking only instructions, the connected objects would be able to make intelligent decisions, provide information to other devices and can analyse real time data. Each object in the network would be programmed with software and they would become active object of the network and would be able to think.

The concept of IoT or connected devices is not new. In 1991, the late Mark Weiser of XEROXPARC, considered the father of ubiquitous computing ,dreamed of always on, always connected world in which humans and computers are seamlessly united.

Connected intelligence: Impact on employment and competitive advantage

Connected Intelligence Era is definitely going to affect the employment, policies, education and

competitiveness. Lives of human beings have become better with every passing day due to advancement in technology. The productivity has increased and living standards have risen. With every advancement in technology, there has been increase in job opportunities. Adopting new technology helps in gaining efficiencies in cost and time. While the jobs associated with older technology curve starts diminishing, the new technology curve enables new types of jobs that keep the economy growing for the future. Connected Intelligence leads to automation of tasks which eliminates the jobs of several people responsible for those tasks. Automation of even mundane tasks at lower costs than outsourcing will definitely see the movement in net job.

Smart, Connected products also have a great impact on the structure of industry and use of connected intelligence affects the industry competition and profitability to a large extent. For having competitive advantage, a company should be able to either follow low cost leadership i.e. operational effectiveness or differentiation focus i.e. distinct strategic positioning.

Operational effectiveness needs the company to adopt new technologies across its value chain. Also, a company must decide on what unique proposition it is going to offer to its customers and what tradeoff. Connected Intelligence defines a new standard of operational effectiveness. It affects the product design, service, marketing, human resources and security.

Present scenarios of using connected intelligence in different industries:

·         Health – ECG, glucose measurement, skin disease diagnosis, ultrasound, and gut analysis can be done using sensors and smartphones.

·         Retail- Starbucks generates billions of dollars from its mobile app.

·         Transportation-Uber and Lyft are reshaping the travel industry.

·         Insurance- Monitoring good health habits is providing lower premium to citizens.

·         Entertainment- Consumers are cutting cables and moving their consumption to mobile devices. Mobile is the biggest channel for media consumption, digital advertisement and engagement.

·         Travel- Hotels and airlines are providing routing check in capabilities direct from mobile through identity management, let passengers place orders from their phones.

·         Food and beverage- Consumers are more informed now by sensors about what they sould eat and avoid.

·         Home- Thermostats, sprinklers, video monitoring, security alarms, windows, locks, entertainment system, lighting system etc.

·         Manufacturing- increase efficiency, monitoring, optimization of manufacturing supply chain. Prediction and scheduling of maintenance window.

·         Utility- helps in providing real time feedback to the customers and their objects on optimizing usage.

·         Mining- manage safety of workers, automation of deep drilling by robots.

Iris recognition system on mobile phones for online transaction and payment through Aadhar card

The RBI has been promoting more cashless transactions and one of the ways to do so is to tap into

the expanding smart phone ecosystem that is slated to reach close to 500 million users in next five years. The sharp rise in sophisticated bank fraud and the increase in identity theft throughout banking systems has increased demand for a more secure method to identify customers that does not rely on something they have or something they know, but rather who they are. So, the use of biometrics in banking is increasing because more consumers understand its potential as a predominant method of identifying themselves to access banking services such as branch banking, online banking, ATM networks, and mobile banking. Biometric-based authentication systems are widely considered to be more reliable than personal identification number (PIN) or password systems for verifying individuals. We can have more secure verification process for online transaction using iris recognition system on mobile phones while making transactions using UPI.

Role of Aadhaar card in online transaction through UPI: 

The Aadhaar system that has close to 80 crore enrolments and is now legally accepted as a form of identity for Indian residents is the backbone for authentication and authorization in the UPI.  Aadhaar authentication is the process wherein Aadhaar number, along with other attributes, including biometrics, will be submitted by the interface to the UIDAI system for verification. There is also a provision for financial institutions to integrate their Aadhaar based KYC into their applications that use UPI. The most notable feature however is the Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) that enables banks to route the financial transactions through a switching and clearing agency allowing citizens to authenticate and subsequently operate their respective Aadhaar enabled accounts as well as perform basic financial transactions. The National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) will maintain a database of customer’s Aadhaar number, Mobile number and Bank accounts. This central repository (Central Mapper) will be used to route payment instructions based on Aadhaar number or mobile number. For the end users the most important feature of UPI is the ability to make payments by providing a virtual ID without having to provide account details or credentials to 3rd party applications or websites. It would also provide the ability to pre-authorize multiple recurring payments similar to ECS (bill payments, fees, subscriptions, etc.) with a one-time secure authentication and rule based access. Though the payments would be more secure with the introduction of single click two-factor authentication by using a personal phone without the need of new devices or hardware tokens but it could be made more secure by implementing verification process through iris recognition. When a person initiates online transaction, instead of verifying it using PIN, iris recognition would be done using mobile phones.

Due to the fact that biometrics are unique for every individual and cannot be easily forged, it will protect customer information from being compromised by fraudsters. Biometric identification methods are automated and provide fast and accurate customer authentication. The verification time is usually less than 5 second and it is highly reliable and secure.

To ensure the accuracy and efficiency of biometrics recognition on mobile phones, enhanced computing power and storage capacity of mobile phones is needed. In addition, the essential hardware i.e. biometric sensors embedded on mobile phones are also required to provide better performance, e.g. higher resolution of image acquired with digital cameras on mobile phones, at lower cost while maintaining their miniaturization feature.

Conclusion 

Each of the previous technology cycles has brought several changes to the world and has created so many opportunities for human development. The telecom and internet cycle has brought widespread impact on the global economy. The elements starting a new era of technology evolution are in place and we have entered the era of “connected intelligence” that would definitely take the economy to a next level. Every industry is getting transformed and companies are improving their processes in order to serve their customers in a better way. Regulators and policy makers need to play a significant role in understanding this new technology. Suppliers who have a superior comprehension of the client at any given moment, and who can decode the requirements and needs of buyers and venture clients before even they can, are the ones who will have competitive advantage in the ecosystem.

Thanks a ton for being with me till here and now like always its your turn to put forward your comments and critics and input in-order to co-create and discover a rich content on Connected Intelligence : Connecting the dots .

you can connect with me on my twitter handle  @AshutoshNow and my gmail - AKxmails@gmail.com. 

you can check my below blogs as well :

1. A connected World : 50 Billion Devices USD 300 market by 2020 
2. Instant Messenger Demystified 
3. i-Way & Highway still a hop away - WiFi Monetization
4. 4G LTE Aarchitecture - QuickBite
5. IoTbyAshutosh

Top 10 Facts you should know about Make in India

In last couple of my blog we covered IOT , Smart Wearable , Instant Messengers  and WiFi monetization and so on ...however post having some very engaging and passionate discussion with many of you and going with the input from a large segment Its imperative to have a thoughtful and structured discussion on the Make In India. 

So here we go , The 3 sectors which contribute to GDP of any country are Agriculture sector, Industry/ Manufacturing sector and Service sector. Current contributions of these sectors in Indian Economy are Agriculture 28%, Manufacturing / Industry 16% (lowest), & Service 56% (highest). So, it is clearly visible that India's GDP is overly dependent upon Service Sector.

During the 2013, Indian Economy was in trouble. News on the economy had been disappointing for two years, with growth falling to 4-5 per cent; consumer-price inflation had remained stubborn at 10 per cent; the current account deficit had soared to almost 7 per cent of GDP at the end of 2012 and was expected to be 4-5 per cent in 2013-14; and the rupee had dropped to an all-time low and 13 per cent below its level just three months earlier. This situation of economy was 2nd worst after 1991.

Modi Government has identified the reasons why economy is in bad shape. At the same time Gov. has taken right steps to bring Indian economy back on track. Make in India campaign is Right Step in Right Direction. Make in India is recognized globally and has featured in "100 Most Innovative Global Projects". Make in India initiative aims to correct the composition of Indian GDP which is the root cause of recession. The aim of this initiative is to make manufacturing/industrial sector strong, which can contribute up to 25% by 2022, because if a country is largely dependent upon service sector, the risk of recession in that country gets increased. The other benefits are, the manufacturing sector can create a lot of jobs, much more than jobs created by service sector, and also in diversity. Manufacturing superiority is essential for research to national security. 

But these things are not easy to implement, before implementation the government of India has to simplify some norms and regulations and make them easy, has to make investment flow very simple, and build the infrastructure so that industrialist can move goods across the country in very less time. Many of the state government and central government have taken steps for ease of doing business in India.

Government has chosen 360 degree approach to make this initiative a successful program. As we know it will provide jobs to lakhs of people. To make those people literate in digital domain, our PM has launched 'Digital India'. The skilled labors are required for jobs, so PM announced 'Skill India' program. Therefore, the new initiatives of the government whether it is Make in India or Digital India or Skill India, should all converge so that India can grow at 9-10 per cent per annum and create jobs.

25 sectors are focused in this initiative, which are assumed to be major contributors in nation's GDP. And 100% FDI is permitted in all those sectors, except for space (74%), defence (49%) and news media (26%). At this point of time, many of the big companies of different sectors have already invested heavily to set up manufacturing units in India, which shows the popularity of the program across the world. Many of the live projects are running, like Delhi- Mumbai Industrial corridor, Bengaluru-Mumbai economic corridor, Chennai-Bengaluru economic corridor, Vizag-Chennai economic corridor and Amritsar-Kolkata industrial corridor. Among these only DMIC project is being implemented and rest of them are under planning and consideration phase.

Our honourable Prime Ministers' foreign visits bring opportunities to India. Last year he had visited many of the strong countries, but never came empty handed back. He made agreements with many countries who will invest in India under make in India program, or they may help in making this program a successful initiative. The main countries are Russia, UK, Japan, China, France, South Korea, Germany, etc.

But Make in India faces many challenges that limit the impact it makes on the ground. Manufacturing is capital and resources intensive sector which will require conducive environment for business. Labour issues will be major hurdle which the government is trying to handle through labour reforms. Besides this, a major push is required to upgrade infrastructure of country. The program has undoubtedly reduced mental barriers to investing in India for many foreign executives, and demonstrated clear government resolve. However, the government has not been able to build on Make in India as rapidly as planned, while aspects of the Make in India scheme remain difficult for foreign investors to piece together in meaningful ways. 

So in order to understand the whole thing better lets organise our discussion to the Top 10 must cover aspects w.r.t Make In India the brain child of our PM  Mr. Narendra Modi. 

1. Lessons from world economy
2. Why do we need manufacturing
3. Where we need to push
4. Steps taken by government for ease of doing business
5. Convergence of Make in India, Digital India and Skill India
6. Sectors covered in Make In India
7. Major Investment in different sectors
8. Live Projects
9. PM Narendra Modi's foreign visits and signed MOUs for Make In India
10. Challenges Limit Scope for Growth Up and is there any Downside of Make In India.

Make in India is an initiative launched by the Government of India to encourage multi-national, as well as national companies to manufacture their products in India. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014 as part of a wider set of nation-building initiatives. Devised to transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub. India would emerge, after initiation of the program in 2014, as the top destination globally for foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States of America as well as China. Make in India' aims at increasing the GDP and tax revenues in the country, by producing products that meet high quality standards and formulate an action plan for the next three years, aimed at raising the contribution of the manufacturing sector to 25% of the GDP by 2022. 

Ultimate objective is to make India a renowned manufacturing hub for key sectors. Companies across the globe would be invited to make investment and set up factories and expand their facilities in India and use India's highly talented and skilled manpower to create world class zero defect products. Mission is to manufacture in India and sell the products worldwide.

1. Lessons from world economy : It is not only about Indian Economy but for that matter if you observe that any world economy with over dependence on Services sector are in deep trouble. Contribution of Services sector in GDP of major world economies are, USA: 76%, China: 43%, Japan: 74%, Germany: 71% etc. Except China, all these countries are struggling to revive their economy. Recently quite surprisingly Japanese economy falls into Recession. Chinese economy maintained fine balance between Services and Industrial/ Manufacturing Sector. Contribution of Industrial sector is 47% to Chinese GDP & Services Contribute 43%. Because of meticulous fine balance, Chinese economy is stable and growing at healthy rate. It can be concluded that common reason for worldwide economic recession is over dependence on Service sector. 
2. Why Companies were not manufacturing in India : 
   China is a major rival to India when it comes to the outsourcing, manufacturing, and services business. India's ailing infrastructure scenario and defunct logistics facilities make it difficult for the country to achieve an elite status as a manufacturing hub. The bureaucratic approach of former governments, lack of robust transport networks, and widespread corruption makes it difficult for manufacturers to achieve timely and adequate production. The Modi government has vowed to remove these hurdles and make the nation an ideal destination for investors to set up industries.
3. Where do we need to push? 

• Excessive, complicated and regulations, laws and taxes. Time to simplify them. Getting approvals for a factory should take hours and days, not years.
• Make investment flows very simple. The company or proprietor can accept investment from any corner of the world.
• Fix our infrastructure. Build a lot and lot of new roads. Build new ports & waterways.
• Build new railways. Make it easy for an industrialist to move goods across the country in           hours, not weeks.

4. Steps taken by Government for Ease of doing business in India : 

 Central government initiatives:

1. Eliminate requirement of minimum paid-up capital and common seal
2. Integrate processes for obtaining PAN, TAN, ESIC and EPFO registration with
3. incorporation of company 
4. Single-window clearance for import and export

State government initiatives: 

• Online portal for the grant of construction permits (Mumbai)
• Joint inspection by all departments to grant NOCs for construction permits (Mumbai               Simplified procedure to install electricity connection in 15 days (Delhi) 

5. Convergence of Make in India, Digital India, Skill India:

In the last decade, everything that had to be manufactured in India and exported, were being imported from various parts of the world. That's why our import bill has grown substantially. Therefore, the new initiatives of the government whether it is Make in India or Digital India or Skill India, should all converge so that India can grow at 9-10 per cent per annum and create jobs. The Make in India looks at 25 sectors. It looks at core competencies of India across the sector and how India can penetrate global markets.

But Make in India cannot happen without Digital India because India has been a reluctant manufacturer and a reluctant urbanized. If India needs to achieve a quantum jump, the broadband, the spectrum behind it, the country needs to use technology to leapfrog. What

Digital India aims to do is to provide the technology, the broadband and the spectrum behind it. But manufacturing and technology alone cannot help you—you can grow faster but that will be jobless growth. What Skill India does is to create skills for a vast segment of population so that as India manufactures, as India urbanizes, as Indians moves from rural to urban areas—as it happens in economic development—you keep creating jobs. This is what happens when economy expands. 

6. PM Narendra Modi's foreign visits and signed MOUs for Make In India

ü  Japan announced $12 billion fund for 'Make in India' movement.

ü  The two countries India and Germany inked 18 Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) in fields ranging from renewable energy and aviation security to human development.

ü  $600bn are allocated for the India-South Korea Business Summit on Jan 14-15 to give push to Make in India initiative by bringing together Indian skills and the Northeast Asian country's manufacturing capabilities.

ü  India and the UK agreeing on Rs90,000 crore in commercial deals and concluding negotiations over a deal that seeks to increase bilateral cooperation in the field of civil and military technology and nuclear research projects.

ü  An agreement between Airbus Group and Mahindra for manufacture of helicopters and three MoUs under the 'Smart City' theme were among the 16 pacts signed between India and France.

ü  Prime Minister Narendra Modi met CEOs of top Chinese companies in Shanghai. 21 Memorandum of Understandings were signed between Indian and Chinese companies.

ü  Russia sign 16 deals in defence, nuclear technology and counter-terror 

7. Challenges Limit Scope for Growth

 Make in India faces many challenges that limit the impact it makes on the ground. The program has undoubtedly reduced mental barriers to investing in India for many foreign executives, and demonstrated clear government resolve. However, the government has not been able to build on Make in India as rapidly as planned, while aspects of the Make in India scheme remain difficult for foreign investors to piece together in meaningful ways.

Sate Power: The success of Make in India does not lie exclusively within New Delhi. India has a federal political system like the U.S. - New Delhi relies on the cooperation of state-level decision- makers, who in turn rely on New Delhi for national funding to support development projects. Many BJP-led state governments have successfully implemented reforms to support Make in India, and even developed copycat state-led investment schemes. However, other states have yet to rally around the program, especially those without a BJP-led government. Modi and his government will need to foster more state-level consensus around their investment promotion schemes to achieve national progress with Make in India. Otherwise, development in India will likely remain fragmented.

Too many Eggs for the Basket:The Make in India program has been tied into a number of schemes that are difficult for many foreign observers to assess on an industry by industry basis. For example, Skill India, Housing for All, Smart Cities and Digital India, amongst many others, are all partly designed to encourage domestic manufacturing, job creation and greater investment. Where one initiative ends and another begins is less than clear. Although these initiatives have been pitched as inducements for investors, foreign investors need to invest in local support to design a market entry plan that avails of all available schemes.

Manufacturing Ecosystem Needed: Initial investments have been tremendously exciting, more so as India's economy is seen as the next Asian juggernaut after China. However, a lot needs to be achieved for these investments to convert into actual physical growth. For instance, India has to develop sophisticated supply-chain systems, internet connectivity, and roads and highway infrastructure - in other words, the right manufacturing ecosystem.

Up and Downsides of Make in India

Upside

1) As Mr. Modi emphasized on the development of labour intensive manufacturing sector. So, this campaign will generate a lot of employment opportunities.

2) Employment will increase people's purchasing power which ultimately helps in poverty eradication and expansion of consumer base for companies.

3) Foreign investment will bring technical expertise and innovative skills along with the much needed foreign capital.

4) This campaign will make India a key part of global value chain and unfolds numerous opportunities for other countries as well.

Downside

1) The biggest challenge is to restore the broken trust between industry and government, which was hampered by the policy paralysis.

2) Another contentious issue is of environmental clearance, which has been surfaced in many projects especially related to mining sector.

3) Uncertainty in tax regime and delay in implementation of GST is also a matter of concern for industries.

4) India along with poor infrastructure lacks a proper logistical network for the supply chain of components and materials required in manufacturing industries.

5) Manufacturing sector demands highly skilled labour whereas India lacks highly skilled labour force.

6) Complex processes have proved to be hurdles in getting procedural and regulatory clearances especially for new entrepreneurs. This also reflects in World Bank's "Ease of Doing Business" report which ranked India at 134 out of 189 countries in 2013.

7) Land acquisition for establishing manufacturing industries will prove to be a tedious task for successful unfolding of this campaign.

Conclusion

The apprehensions of industrial sector are genuine. But the government's effort will act as the catalyst in mitigating these apprehensions. Also, PM has clearly mentioned that India is seeking long term capital investment because short term investment is volatile in nature and only aims at profit making. This aspect also reflects in PM's definition of FDI i.e. "First Develop India". So, these efforts will give the much needed initial thrust to this campaign and its success will make India the powerhouse of manufacturing sector in the world.